LO2: Legal and Ethical

When creating our music video, we need to consider different legal and ethical issues. In terms of our music video, the term "legal" means making sure that none of the content that we use is copyrighted. As “The Sundowns” song is copyrighted, we need to ensure that we get permission from them to use their music within the music video because they own intellectual rights. This also applies to if we want to use their logo in the intro of the music video, as we would need to get their permission as this is also something that they hold the intellectual rights to. The copyright, designs and patents act (1988) is an act that allows creators of products such as music to control how their work is used. This is something that is important because it prevents the band's music from being used in ways that they do not approve, so therefore we would need to make sure that we first get permission off of them before using anything which is Copyrighted.  If we did not do this, it could cause us to have to take down the music video, and if the issue was not resolved and was sever enough we could end up having to pay for damages. Another legal issue that we would need to think about is the intellectual property rights act, this is when rights are given to a company, or in our case, “The Sundowns” band hold rights to their intellectual property. This covers things such as their music. However, unlike the copyright act, the rights are held by the band rather than the individual, Regan Jones, who has written the music. This law determines whether it is fair to use someones intellectual property in a certain way. As our music video is being used to promote the band, we would most likely be allowed to use their music within out music video. However, by not sticking to this law it could have bad consequences such as our music video being taken down or in a more serious case, a lawsuit. 

Ethical issues differ to legal issues as they are just things that could be seen to be morally wrong but not against that law. An ethical issue is when something could be deemed offensive to a certain group of people. This means that media product, such as our music video, need to represent all and not alienate or discriminate against anyone. This could be discrimination against race, gender or anything else. Within our music video, we need to make sure that we include a mixed group of people, in order to make sure that everyone is represented. We can do this by making sure that the people we include in our music video are a range of people who are of mixed gender including different sizes and races. If we did not do this in our music video it could end up ruining our reputation and also cause our product to be banned or took down. 

The BBFC is the British Board of Film Classification, they are a regulatory body who look at the suitability of content for different media products, such as music videos. It is important that in the pre-production and planning of our music video, we make sure we know who our audience are and the age of the audience who we want our music video to be aimed at. This is in order to make sure that the suitability of the music video is right for our chosen audience. The BBFC control the classifications of films and other audio-visual based media product, this includes thing such as our music video. They give age certificated to the products based on the content that is included. As our music video does include some content that could be offensive or explicit to a younger audience, the age rating for our music video would be a 15. The target audience for our music video is 16 to 21 year olds, this fits with the age rating that we have given our product as it means the audience we want to view it will be able to as they are all over the age of the certificate. 

LO1: Comparison of how different promos create their meanings

LO1: Different approches to the promos

LO1: Structure of Promos

LO2: Recce sheets [✓]

This is the location recce for Student support room which is located inside the UTC Sheffield City Centre building. This is where the interview scene will be being filmed. 

This is the location recce for the office which we will be filming in, located inside the UTC Sheffield City Centre building. The office will be used to film the office scene which is right at the end of the music video. 

This is the location recce for the party scene. This is being filmed in a house located in Stannington, Sheffield. 

LO2: Risk assessments [✓]

We made risk assessments for each location that we are going to be filming the music video in. This is so that we knew the possible risks whilst filming and how we would respond to said risks if any of these things were to happen. If we has located a large risk it would have changed our judgement on whether it was safe to film in an area for not only ourselves but also the rest of our crew and actors. 

This is the risk assessment for the Student support office within the UTC Sheffield building. This is where the interview scene will be filmed.

This is the risk assessment for the house in which the party scene will be filmed. There was no high risk situations so therefore it is safe for filming and for our actors. 

This is the risk assessment for the office within the UTC Sheffield building.

LO2: Storyboards

LO2: Lyrics sheet analysis

The lyrics are obvious, easy to understand and digest this allows us to make the music video easily because the lyrics are literal meaning when it comes to making the music video we can use this to our advantage as most songs nowadays use metaphors and different language terms to get there point across meaning that the making a music video a bit more difficult to make as it has to take into account the metaphor which is something we will not have to do because they lyrics are literal, which also allows us to have full creative freedom as there is not specific lyrics in the song that means we have to do a certain thing in the music video, allowing us to make up metaphors and have full freedom in the content of the music video.

LO2: Evidence of contact with band

These are the emails between us, as a group, and the band "The Sundowns". This is evidence of us contacting the band and speaking to them. Discussing their ideas as well as telling them our own ideas. Our main point of contact was the lead singer, Regan Jones, who we then went on to facetime and have a business meeting with as a group. There was then further contact with other things such as text message and social media. The band will be kept in contact with throughout the whole process of the creation of the music video.

This is a screenshot from Spotify, which is what we used in order to listen to "Party at 8" and plan our music video using. 

LO2: Minutes of weekly meeting held

LO2: Production schedules

LO2: Treatment

The Brief 
For Unit 15, our brief was to create an audio-visual promo. This is in the form of a music video for an up and coming local band or artist. We were told to create a music video as this is a promo for the musician to use and also includes sound and visuals. 

The Narrative
The music video that we are creating is a narrative which follows a girl, Megan. The music video starts off with a shot of a secretary and Megan sat waiting for her interview. There is no sound playing during this part of the video, it is just silence as the secretary calls Megan into the interview. The next shot is in the interview room, with the interviewer and Megan, there is a small amount of dialogue between the two, exchanging a "hello" as they shake hands and both go to sit down. The music starts playing quietly in the background and the interview scene starts to become slow motion. There will be shots of the clock ticking and the interviewer writing, this is mixed with jump-cutting to close-ups with connote a party scene. These include close-ups of drinks, speakers and people laughing. During this part, it is in normal time and the music is slightly louder. This foreshadows what is going to happen later on in the video but could also connote Megan's thoughts during the interview. Throughout the whole interview scene, we see the male interviewer have an interest in Megan, he looks at her in a sexualised manner and as these are not feelings that she reciprocates, he informs her that she has not got the job. We see this through the use of his shaking his head, still shot in slow motion. We then see Megan, react in a negative way to the news that she has been given, the way she reacts is jump cut between the party, these cuts are very quick to show a change. The next scene shows her leaving the interview and travelling to the said party, this is on different forms of transport including trams and walking. We also then see her getting ready for the party, this shows a transformation between how she is seen in the interview scene. The sound for this part is now at a normal level, along with the speed that it is being filmed in. The party scene shows not only Megan enjoying herself but also shots of the location which will be a house due to the song being titled "House party at 8". There are shots of things that would typically happen at parties such as drinking, dancing and laughing. After a while of shots of Megan at the party, flirting with different people, the music stops and we just hear the ringing of a phone. As Megan looks at who the caller is, her face drops and the party scene fades to the next scene. The song is playing in the background but quietly. This final scene is showing Megan looking upset and disappointed whilst sat at a desk working. We then see a slow-motion shot of the interviewer walking past her, this is the man who has harassed her during the interview. This cuts between the man smiling and winking at her and then she sat at her desk looking disappointed, to connote that she was so desperate for a job that she was willing to put up with someone who harasses her. Finally, the music goes back to normal volume and we see a shot of Megan answering the call at the party. This leaves the audience open to interpretation of whether she is thinking about what could happen if she took the job or if she actually did decide to take it herself. 

Target Audience
The band, The Sundowns, are an indie/alternative rock band who are from Sheffield. Their music is generally more aimed towards a Sheffield based audience, however, this is not a limitation. Our music video is aimed mainly at a target audience of 16 to 25-year-olds due to not only the audio for the music video but also the narrative of the music video that we have decided on. As this narrative include themes such as drinking and partying which will appeal more to this age range. The music video is aimed at a white British audience with a 40:60 ratio of men: women. The band is made up of 4 male members so, therefore, this could appeal more towards a female audience however males do also enjoy the genre of indie music. 0ouy mj78uy

Equipment List

Health and Safety Considerations

Legal and Ethical Considerations



Who are the target audience:

Our Band is a mainly a Indie rock band and the song that we are making a music video for is a indie rock song. The target audience for the band is, white British, 16-21, 40% male and 60% female, ABC1. The is because the hole genre of indie rock is more popular amongst women, 16 and over and because of the age they will be in the ABC1 gap because they will be starting or have started working, or towards the end of education which tends to be the case for 16 year olds and older, meaning the entire target audience is within the ABC1 category. Also the magazine Kerrang which is magazine that is all about this sort of style of music have a similar target audience which is what we used to get a better idea for our target audience.

Dates:
14/05/18- 21/05/18 -filming week






Equipment needed:

Tripod
1x Cannon 650D DSLR Cameras
Computer: Mac 
Adobe premier pro 



Health and Saftey Considerations:
One of the locations we will be filming at is Olivia's house. This house will be used for the party part of our music video as this is were the actors will be, pretending to have a party. A health and safety consideration we need to think about is because the house for the most part is mainly laminate flooring meaning there could be a possibility that someone could slip and fall if they are not wearing decent footwear. This means we will need to warn people about this and get them to make sure they are wearing shoes that are not hazardous on the laminate flooring. Another thing that could be a health and safety problem to do with the floor is that if someone has a drink while we are there and drops it, it can become a slipping hazard, which means it would need to be moped up imminently because if not, while we are filming and people have to act over the top and excited then it could result in a fall if someone was to walk into the water. Another part of the house we will be filming is


One of the scenes we will be filming at Olivia's house for the party scene and the getting ready for the party scene. Some of the health and safety considerations we need to consider are:

• Make sure that everyone is wearing shoes that will not slip on the laminate flooring 
• Make sure that no one spills a drink on the laminate flooring 
• Make sure that when we are filming in the bedroom, no one trips on wires in the room              
• Make sure during the party scenes, people are carful and do not hurt each other. 

Legal and ethical considerations:

Copyright -
The story/narrative of the music video is fully original from our point of view but there is a possibility people could claim we used someones intellectual property or blatantly copied there idea for a video, which could result in legal problems.  The way to prevent this would be look online and see if we can find a music video that has a similar narrative as ours, which could result in money problems for us as well as legal trouble if people think we have copied their ideas.

Having explicit content in the music video-
The music video touches on some subjects like sexualisation of women in the work place and harassment as well as drinking etc. All of these are Farley rough subjects to film about because different people react in different ways to these kind of subjects which could cause ethical issues for us because if we do not represent Megan right people could think its offensive in the way we have portrayed these sensitive topics, meaning we need to do research to make sure we we film is not deemed offensive.

Certification and distribution:
The age rating of the music video will be 15 because the music video displays a lot of adult subjects like harassment, sex, drinking, all of which is not appropriate for a younger audience.

The distribution aka the way will get the music video out to the public. This will be done by putting the music video on Youtube.

LO2: Initial Planning – narrative and performance ideas [✓]

Our music video is going to be purely a narrative video which will nor include any performance from the band, The Sundowns.

Narrative 
The music video that we are creating is a narrative which follows a girl, Megan. The music video starts off with a shot of a secretary and Megan sat waiting for her interview. There is no sound playing during this part of the video, it is just silence as the secretary calls Megan into the interview. The next shot is in the interview room, with the interviewer and Megan, there is a small amount of dialogue between the two, exchanging a "hello" as they shake hands and both go to sit down. The music starts playing quietly in the background and the interview scene starts to become slow motion. There will be shots of the clock ticking and the interviewer writing, this is mixed with jump-cutting to close-ups with connote a party scene. These include close-ups of drinks, speakers and people laughing. During this part, it is in normal time and the music is slightly louder. This foreshadows what is going to happen later on in the video but could also connote Megan's thoughts during the interview. Throughout the whole interview scene, we see the male interviewer have an interest in Megan, he looks at her in a sexualised manner and as these are not feelings that she reciprocates, he informs her that she has not got the job. We see this through the use of his shaking his head, still shot in slow motion. We then see Megan, react in a negative way to the news that she has been given, the way she reacts is jump cut between the party, these cuts are very quick to show a change. The next scene shows her leaving the interview and travelling to the said party, this is on different forms of transport including trams and walking. We also then see her getting ready for the party, this shows a transformation between how she is seen in the interview scene. The sound for this part is now at a normal level, along with the speed that it is being filmed in. The party scene shows not only Megan enjoying herself but also shots of the location which will be a house due to the song being titled "House party at 8". There are shots of things that would typically happen at parties such as drinking, dancing and laughing. After a while of shots of Megan at the party, flirting with different people, the music stops and we just hear the ringing of a phone. As Megan looks at who the caller is, her face drops and the party scene fades to the next scene. The song is playing in the background but quietly. This final scene is showing Megan looking upset and disappointed whilst sat at a desk working. We then see a slow-motion shot of the interviewer walking past her, this is the man who has harassed her during the interview. This cuts between the man smiling and winking at her and then she sat at her desk looking disappointed, to connote that she was so desperate for a job that she was willing to put up with someone who harasses her. Finally, the music goes back to normal volume and we see a shot of Megan answering the call at the party. This leaves the audience open to interpretation of whether she is thinking about what could happen if she took the job or if she actually did decide to take it herself. 

LO2: Initial Planning – moodboard [✓]

This is a moodbpard of the first idea we had for the music video. This was for the song "Mowbray Street" however we decided that after we had gathered ideas that it was a weak idea for a music video so we reconsidered and decided that a different song and narrative would be more appropriate. 

This is a moodboard of different images of the bad. We gathered these images in order to get more of a feeling of what the band is about as well as their style.

This is a moodboard for the song "Party at 8". We prefer the music for this song for the music video as there is more to go off in terms of instumental parts as well as lyrics and tempo. The moodboard shows different images which could represent the narrative for the music video that we want to create.

LO2: Initial planning – mindmap [✓]

These show mindmaps of ideas for The Sundowns music video. The first one shows just general music video ideas for different songs where as the second focuses more on ideas for the actual song "Party at 8" which we are doing for the music video.

LO2: Call sheets for production [✓]

These are the call sheets for the production of Party at 8. This includes all the information that our team and any other people involved may need to know, including the actors in the music video. This ranges from infomation about what equipment is needed during the filming to what the actors needs to wear. This is a useful document for actors that are part of the scenes to use and view as it is informative and gives them information.  It also includes contingencies, this means there is a back up plan if anything didnt go to plan during the filming. This is also useful in case on of our team members cannot attend the filming and we need to use another personalle, the same for backups of the actors. 

Music Video Analysis

ILYSB - LANY

The first music video that I am going to be analysing is ILYSB by the band LANY. This is an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles and contains 3 members including the lead singer Paul Klein. They self-released an album however their recent albums have been from the label Polydor which is a subsidiary of the Universal music group. The target audience for the music video is 16-25 as it contains some violence however the narrative of the music video would not appeal to an older audience due to the themes of teenage love. The music video has been released in order to not only entertain but also as a form of advertisement for the band. Audiences will use music videos as a form of entertainment, this is especially relevant to videos such as ILYSB as this follows a narrative which makes the music video more interesting to watch, and engaging for the audience. LANY may have created a music video as well in order to promote their music. By them having a strong music video and narrative, people will watch the video and talk about it with friends or share on social media which will mean a wider audience can see their product. By having a music video it could also allow for promotion on other platforms such as MTV as this is a channel which shows the top music

The music video ILYSB follows a narrative, this strengthens the message that the band is a Televised Bard. To be a Televised Bard an artist or band must act as a storyteller with the aid of their music. LANY do this through the use of images onscreen in order to anchor the lyrics to a storyline, shown through the narrative in the music video "ILYSB". The lead singer, Paul Klein, is a part of the story that is being told along with other band members such as Jake Goss the drummer and Les Priest the guitarist. Throughout the video the star persona, Paul Klein, is shown. This is a theory by Richard Dyers (1975) which is to say that a music video is not only to create profit and boost sales but also to help to define the image of an artist and contribute to their brand. Paul Jason Klein is a recognisable model who has worked with top brands such as Prada, this is  Carl Rogers would describe Paul Klein as an ideal self or ideal partner due to his appearance as many women, especially due to Paul being attractive. There is mise-en-scene in the form of cars. Car shots are included as this is something that is used to strengthen masculinity, this is a convention of R&B music videos due to the iconography behind these type of shots. The band LANY have described their music as “dream pop meets R&B” which is why their music videos may include some of the general conventions that would be found in an R&B video. Cars are shown to be something that only males are interested in and are used to try and attract women, which is what is also happening in the narrative. There is also a connotation with violence swell, this is also shown in other parts of the music video such as when Paul Klein is shown to be wearing a mask and holding a baseball bat. The use of the mask in the music video could be to connote how Paul Klein, and other males, put on a fake persona or change themselves so that they are more attractive towards women. It could be to strengthen the way that men feel like they have to be overly masculine and violent so that women will like them more. However this is not the case.  This could link to the key theory said by John Berger (1972) which is that “men act and women appear”. The way that males are seen to be overly masculine could be interpreted as an action as they are choosing to appear in that way to females by acting a certain way. This is to fit to male stereotypes. The mask is symbolic in the music video because  it shows that men are insecure about themselves too and it could go to say that Paul Klein feels like the only way he can be with the girl that he wants is through acting differently and not like himself. It is only after he has hurt her that he removes the mask. Also we see a shot of Paul looking into a mirror and removing his mask, this connotes that he knows that he’s acting differently to how he really is. Andrew Goodwin (1992) identified six common codes and conventions that establish the form of a music video. A music video may not contain all of the common conventions but will include some of them. In a music video there is a relationship between the visuals of the video and the lyrics of the song that the music video is for. In the music video ILYSB, there is a link between the lyrics of the song and the narrative. During the song there are the lyrics “lets drive around town holding hand”, whilst these lyrics are being sung, there is a visual of the band driving around in a car. This relationship between the lyric and visuals of the music video, this strengthens the narrative of the music video and subsequently the message that the video is trying to get across. This relationship is also strong in many other aspects of the video. Another time being when there are the lyrics “hella obsessed with your face” and the visuals cut to the band wearing masks. This could be said to be contrasting to what the lyrics are suppose to mean as it could connote that the lead singer Paul Klein loves and is “obsessed” with the girls face however he doesn’t like his own, due to the way that he is wearing a mask. This still strengthens the narrative because the visuals do link to the lyrics. 

exercise from Paul Klein - not please with how he looks, not the ideal self

Why’d You Only Call Me When You’re High? - Arctic Monkeys

Codes and conventions of music videos

Andrew Goodwin (1992) identified six common codes and conventions that establish the form of a music  video.

1. There is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals - illustrating, amplyfying or contradicting https://youtu.be/MWASeaYuHZo
2. There is a realtionship between the music and the visuals - due to the editing being on the beat of the music. https://youtu.be/94Rq2TX0wj4
3. Particular music genres may have their own music video style and iconography (such as live stage performance in heavy rock) https://youtu.be/k2qgadSvNyU. Hype Williams (Hip Hop / R N B director) Traditionally hip hop videos have their own conventions. 
   Aestetics - black and white (cheap) 
   Loctations - shot/filmed in the projects 
   Iconography - usually a "car shot" (artist seen in a car through a window) acting as a barrier/outcast of society.
   Ethnicity - Afro caribbean men in crowd shots (gang culture) 
4. Music videos feature close-ups of the main artists. Close ups shots of the artists link to the key theory by Sven E Carlsson (1999) as his theory was taht there are different types of artists. There is the commercial exhibitionist which puts on a show, the close up shots show that they are the centre of attention, this is also visible with the. Promotional videos are to create proffit to sell a song, the more closeup shot there are the more likely we are to connect with a brand. This will make more sales. 
5. The artist may develop their own star iconography, in and out their videos, which over time, becomes part ofg their own star image. This could be such as Micheal Jackson's white glove or Lady Gaga's meat dress https://youtu.be/2vjPBrBU-TM. The iconography in Sia's music video is the hair/wig that the main dancer wears. Even through Sia does not appear in the video there is reference to her because of the blond bob wig with the fringe. There is likely to be refernce to voyerusm particually in the treatment of women, but also in terms of systems of looking (screens withing screens, binoculars, cameras, mirrors). 

Kiss you by One Direction is music video whichn homages differerent music video. This is called intertextuality.  There is references to Jailhouse rock by Elvis Presely.

Representation in the production of music videos - theory

Music videos exist to sell a song and create a brand for the band
First ever music channel was MTV - Music Television

Music channels are split into genres

IDGAF - Dua Lipa 

Blue Neighbourhood trilogy - Troye Sivan

WHERE THE HELL ARE MY FRIENDS! - LANY

Roy Shuker (2001) - Understanding popular music defines music as: "both an industrial, commercial product and cultural form".
"Promotional devices, encouraging record sales and chart action"

Industrial and commercial 

• To make money
• To promote singles -with the hope of selling albums
• To provide content for music TV channels
• To be sold on DVD/download
• To add "value" to audio releases

Richard Dyer (1975) - To enhance "star person" or branding.
A music video will help define the image of an artist and contribute to their "star persona" or brand. Tep hugely famous examples of artists whose images were defined by videos are Madonna and Micheal Jackson.

Zeitgeist - To look at the stage that vulture is at and look at what is relevant. "spirit of the time".

Sven E Carlsson (1999) - Music artists represent one of the following in a music video:

• Commercial exhibitionist - puts on a show to make money, dancing, showing body such as Beyonce, Britney Spears, Micheal Jackson. Many are women.
• Televised Bard - James Blunt, Ed Sheeran, Adele. Many are males. Bard is a poet. 
• Electronic Shaman - God-like creature, something someone follows, dj's, Calvin Harris. 

Commerical exhibitionist. When an artist is not just known for their music but as sellable commodities too. They sell their face, voice, lifestyle and record. 

Female representation, they are to be looked at.

John Berger (1972) - "Ways of seeing" documentary states:

"Men act and women appear. Men look at women. Women watch themselves being looked at. Women are aware of being seen by a male spectator."

Many examples of role reversal that Cyndi Lauper has in the video. A range of ethnicities. Gender roles reverse. 

Televised Bard

The artist acts as a storyteller, with the use of onscreen images to anchor the story/lyrics. The artist's cam either: 

Be a part of the story 

or 

The artist is far away and inserted images help to tell the story

Song lyrics are usually about experiences that an audience can relate to either socially or personally
                               
Electronic Shaman
A combination of the above two types but reinforces the importance of the star persona and how they are represented on screen. Big budget music videos where the artist has immortal powers or as an intertextual ego eg iconic, superheroes
Robbie Williams as James bond in millennium
Kylie
Madonna
Beyonce
Lady Gaga

Carl Rogers (1980) - Ideal self/ideal partners

Dick Hebdige (1979) - Subcultures and representation in videos usually provide identities. the ideological basis for fans especially because music videos is aimed at a youth market.

Sarah Thornton (1995) - "subcultural capital" as tej cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of subcultures raised their status and helped them differentiate.

Just like society, stereotypes are a way of grouping different subcultures. Music videos reinforce these stereotypes through the use of artists and images, which are used to sell an idea or image to an image. Often these create moral panics due to the use of lyrics and images giving a negative view and causing chaos.

The music video ILYSB follows a narrative, this strengthens the message that the band is a Televised Vard. To be a Televised Vard an artist or band must act as a storyteller with the aid of their music. LANY do this through the use of images onscreen in order to anchor the lyrics to a storyline, shown through the narrative in the music video "ILYSB". The lead singer, Paul Klein, is a part of the story that is being told along with other band members such as . Throughout the music video it

Mask could show that he's putting on a fake persona - woman doesn't like him cause not actually him
cars, violence, men = masculine
women weak
exercise from Paul Klein - not please with how he looks, not the ideal self