Codes and conventions of music videos

Andrew Goodwin (1992) identified six common codes and conventions that establish the form of a music  video.

1. There is a relationship between the lyrics and the visuals - illustrating, amplyfying or contradicting https://youtu.be/MWASeaYuHZo
2. There is a realtionship between the music and the visuals - due to the editing being on the beat of the music. https://youtu.be/94Rq2TX0wj4
3. Particular music genres may have their own music video style and iconography (such as live stage performance in heavy rock) https://youtu.be/k2qgadSvNyU. Hype Williams (Hip Hop / R N B director) Traditionally hip hop videos have their own conventions. 
   Aestetics - black and white (cheap) 
   Loctations - shot/filmed in the projects 
   Iconography - usually a "car shot" (artist seen in a car through a window) acting as a barrier/outcast of society.
   Ethnicity - Afro caribbean men in crowd shots (gang culture) 
4. Music videos feature close-ups of the main artists. Close ups shots of the artists link to the key theory by Sven E Carlsson (1999) as his theory was taht there are different types of artists. There is the commercial exhibitionist which puts on a show, the close up shots show that they are the centre of attention, this is also visible with the. Promotional videos are to create proffit to sell a song, the more closeup shot there are the more likely we are to connect with a brand. This will make more sales. 
5. The artist may develop their own star iconography, in and out their videos, which over time, becomes part ofg their own star image. This could be such as Micheal Jackson's white glove or Lady Gaga's meat dress https://youtu.be/2vjPBrBU-TM. The iconography in Sia's music video is the hair/wig that the main dancer wears. Even through Sia does not appear in the video there is reference to her because of the blond bob wig with the fringe. There is likely to be refernce to voyerusm particually in the treatment of women, but also in terms of systems of looking (screens withing screens, binoculars, cameras, mirrors). 

Kiss you by One Direction is music video whichn homages differerent music video. This is called intertextuality.  There is references to Jailhouse rock by Elvis Presely.